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Максимум огледала, които могат да предават светлина отдолу надясно

Дадена е квадратна матрица, в която всяка клетка представлява или празно място, или препятствие. Можем да поставим огледала на празно място. Всички огледала ще бъдат разположени на 45 градуса, т.е. те могат да прехвърлят светлина отдолу надясно, ако няма препятствия по пътя им. 

В този въпрос трябва да преброим колко такива огледала могат да бъдат поставени в квадратна матрица, която може да пренася светлина отдолу надясно. 

Примери: 



Output for above example is 2. In above diagram mirror at (3 1) and (5 5) are able to send light from bottom to right so total possible mirror count is 2.

Можем да разрешим този проблем, като проверим позицията на такива огледала в матрицата, огледалото, което може да пренася светлина отдолу на дясно, няма да има никакво препятствие по пътя си, т.е. 
ако има огледало при индекс (i j), тогава 
няма да има пречка при индекс (k j) за всички k i< k <= N 
няма да има пречка при индекс (i k) за всички k j< k <= N 
Като имаме предвид горните две уравнения, можем да намерим най-дясното препятствие на всеки ред в една итерация на дадена матрица и можем да намерим най-долното препятствие във всяка колона в друга итерация на дадена матрица. След като съхраним тези индекси в отделен масив, можем да проверим за всеки индекс дали не отговаря на условието за липса на препятствия или не и след това съответно да увеличим броя. 

По-долу е внедрено решение на горната концепция, което изисква O(N^2) време и O(N) допълнително пространство.

C++
// C++ program to find how many mirror can transfer // light from bottom to right #include    using namespace std; // method returns number of mirror which can transfer // light from bottom to right int maximumMirrorInMatrix(string mat[] int N) {  // To store first obstacles horizontally (from right)  // and vertically (from bottom)  int horizontal[N] vertical[N];  // initialize both array as -1 signifying no obstacle  memset(horizontal -1 sizeof(horizontal));  memset(vertical -1 sizeof(vertical));  // looping matrix to mark column for obstacles  for (int i=0; i<N; i++)  {  for (int j=N-1; j>=0; j--)  {  if (mat[i][j] == 'B')  continue;  // mark rightmost column with obstacle  horizontal[i] = j;  break;  }  }  // looping matrix to mark rows for obstacles  for (int j=0; j<N; j++)  {  for (int i=N-1; i>=0; i--)  {  if (mat[i][j] == 'B')  continue;  // mark leftmost row with obstacle  vertical[j] = i;  break;  }  }  int res = 0; // Initialize result  // if there is not obstacle on right or below  // then mirror can be placed to transfer light  for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)  {  for (int j = 0; j < N; j++)  {  /* if i > vertical[j] then light can from bottom  if j > horizontal[i] then light can go to right */  if (i > vertical[j] && j > horizontal[i])  {  /* uncomment this code to print actual mirror  position also  cout << i << ' ' << j << endl; */  res++;  }  }  }  return res; } // Driver code to test above method int main() {  int N = 5;  // B - Blank O - Obstacle  string mat[N] = {'BBOBB'  'BBBBO'  'BBBBB'  'BOOBO'  'BBBOB'  };  cout << maximumMirrorInMatrix(mat N) << endl;  return 0; } 
Java
// Java program to find how many mirror can transfer // light from bottom to right import java.util.*; class GFG  {  // method returns number of mirror which can transfer  // light from bottom to right  static int maximumMirrorInMatrix(String mat[] int N)   {  // To store first obstacles horizontally (from right)  // and vertically (from bottom)  int[] horizontal = new int[N];  int[] vertical = new int[N];  // initialize both array as -1 signifying no obstacle  Arrays.fill(horizontal -1);  Arrays.fill(vertical -1);    // looping matrix to mark column for obstacles  for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)   {  for (int j = N - 1; j >= 0; j--)   {  if (mat[i].charAt(j) == 'B')  {  continue;  }  // mark rightmost column with obstacle  horizontal[i] = j;  break;  }  }  // looping matrix to mark rows for obstacles  for (int j = 0; j < N; j++)   {  for (int i = N - 1; i >= 0; i--)   {  if (mat[i].charAt(j) == 'B')   {  continue;  }  // mark leftmost row with obstacle  vertical[j] = i;  break;  }  }  int res = 0; // Initialize result  // if there is not obstacle on right or below  // then mirror can be placed to transfer light  for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)  {  for (int j = 0; j < N; j++)   {  /* if i > vertical[j] then light can from bottom  if j > horizontal[i] then light can go to right */  if (i > vertical[j] && j > horizontal[i])  {  /* uncomment this code to print actual mirror  position also  cout << i << ' ' << j << endl; */  res++;  }  }  }  return res;  } // Driver code public static void main(String[] args)  {  int N = 5;  // B - Blank O - Obstacle  String mat[] = {'BBOBB'  'BBBBO'  'BBBBB'  'BOOBO'  'BBBOB'  };  System.out.println(maximumMirrorInMatrix(mat N)); } } /* This code is contributed by PrinciRaj1992 */ 
Python3
# Python3 program to find how many mirror can transfer # light from bottom to right # method returns number of mirror which can transfer # light from bottom to right def maximumMirrorInMatrix(mat N): # To store first obstacles horizontally (from right) # and vertically (from bottom) horizontal = [-1 for i in range(N)] vertical = [-1 for i in range(N)]; # looping matrix to mark column for obstacles for i in range(N): for j in range(N - 1 -1 -1): if (mat[i][j] == 'B'): continue; # mark rightmost column with obstacle horizontal[i] = j; break; # looping matrix to mark rows for obstacles for j in range(N): for i in range(N - 1 -1 -1): if (mat[i][j] == 'B'): continue; # mark leftmost row with obstacle vertical[j] = i; break; res = 0; # Initialize result # if there is not obstacle on right or below # then mirror can be placed to transfer light for i in range(N): for j in range(N):    ''' if i > vertical[j] then light can from bottom  if j > horizontal[i] then light can go to right ''' if (i > vertical[j] and j > horizontal[i]):    ''' uncomment this code to print actual mirror  position also''' res+=1; return res; # Driver code to test above method N = 5; # B - Blank O - Obstacle mat = ['BBOBB' 'BBBBO' 'BBBBB' 'BOOBO' 'BBBOB' ]; print(maximumMirrorInMatrix(mat N)); # This code is contributed by rutvik_56. 
C#
// C# program to find how many mirror can transfer // light from bottom to right using System;   class GFG  {  // method returns number of mirror which can transfer  // light from bottom to right  static int maximumMirrorInMatrix(String []mat int N)   {  // To store first obstacles horizontally (from right)  // and vertically (from bottom)  int[] horizontal = new int[N];  int[] vertical = new int[N];  // initialize both array as -1 signifying no obstacle  for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)   {  horizontal[i]=-1;  vertical[i]=-1;  }    // looping matrix to mark column for obstacles  for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)   {  for (int j = N - 1; j >= 0; j--)   {  if (mat[i][j] == 'B')  {  continue;  }  // mark rightmost column with obstacle  horizontal[i] = j;  break;  }  }  // looping matrix to mark rows for obstacles  for (int j = 0; j < N; j++)   {  for (int i = N - 1; i >= 0; i--)   {  if (mat[i][j] == 'B')   {  continue;  }  // mark leftmost row with obstacle  vertical[j] = i;  break;  }  }  int res = 0; // Initialize result  // if there is not obstacle on right or below  // then mirror can be placed to transfer light  for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)  {  for (int j = 0; j < N; j++)   {  /* if i > vertical[j] then light can from bottom  if j > horizontal[i] then light can go to right */  if (i > vertical[j] && j > horizontal[i])  {  /* uncomment this code to print actual mirror  position also  cout << i << ' ' << j << endl; */  res++;  }  }  }  return res;  } // Driver code public static void Main(String[] args)  {  int N = 5;  // B - Blank O - Obstacle  String []mat = {'BBOBB'  'BBBBO'  'BBBBB'  'BOOBO'  'BBBOB'  };  Console.WriteLine(maximumMirrorInMatrix(mat N)); } } // This code is contributed by Princi Singh 
JavaScript
<script> // JavaScript program to find how many mirror can transfer // light from bottom to right // method returns number of mirror which can transfer // light from bottom to right function maximumMirrorInMatrix(mat N)  {  // To store first obstacles horizontally (from right)  // and vertically (from bottom)  var horizontal = Array(N).fill(-1);  var vertical = Array(N).fill(-1);    // looping matrix to mark column for obstacles  for (var i = 0; i < N; i++)   {  for (var j = N - 1; j >= 0; j--)   {  if (mat[i][j] == 'B')  {  continue;  }  // mark rightmost column with obstacle  horizontal[i] = j;  break;  }  }  // looping matrix to mark rows for obstacles  for (var j = 0; j < N; j++)   {  for (var i = N - 1; i >= 0; i--)   {  if (mat[i][j] == 'B')   {  continue;  }  // mark leftmost row with obstacle  vertical[j] = i;  break;  }  }  var res = 0; // Initialize result  // if there is not obstacle on right or below  // then mirror can be placed to transfer light  for (var i = 0; i < N; i++)  {  for (var j = 0; j < N; j++)   {  /* if i > vertical[j] then light can from bottom  if j > horizontal[i] then light can go to right */  if (i > vertical[j] && j > horizontal[i])  {  /* uncomment this code to print actual mirror  position also  cout << i << ' ' << j << endl; */  res++;  }  }  }  return res; } // Driver code var N = 5; // B - Blank O - Obstacle var mat = ['BBOBB'  'BBBBO'  'BBBBB'  'BOOBO'  'BBBOB' ]; document.write(maximumMirrorInMatrix(mat N)); </script>  

Изход
2 

Времева сложност: O(n2).
Помощно пространство: O(n)